Management of patients in medical practice depends critically upon identification of abnormality, whether this be anatomical, physiological or biochemical. Knowledge of normality is therefore crucial, both to identify when disease is present, and to prevent overdiagnosis when it is not. This book is designed to provide a concise source of normal ranges for cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology relevant to clinical cardiology practice in the first decades of the 21st century. In addition to covering routine investigations such as coronary angiography, two-dimensional echocardiography and now available, such as T wave alternans, intravascular coronary ultrasound and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This text provides the reader with normal ranges for a wide variety of cardiovascular test at his or her fingertips, facilitating correct interpretation of clinical results.